Time-varying Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Relative Spectral Photon Flux Density Distribution to Improve Plant Growth and Morphology in Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting

In contrast to fluorescent lamps and high-power sodium lamps, the use of light-emitting diode (LED) enables control not only photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at plant level, but also relative spectral distribution (RSPD) light because variety, even different times day, producible emitted by LEDs types. Effects on growth morphology have been investigated using several types species. However, few studies lighting methods with time-varying PPFD or RSPD published date. this paper, we summarize effects net rate (Pn) those morphology. Detailed modeling conducted reactions pathway under a cycle milliseconds seconds. The results these actual measurements Pn pulsed clearly indicate that is advantageous improve Pn. Although integrated blue red was unchanged, leaf lettuce promoted asynchronous irradiation compared simultaneous irradiation. We think blue-light monochromatic promotes elongation through expansion as primary factor in enhancement growth. addition, changes capacity caused may be involved promotion. An increasing number plants. mechanisms underlying remain elucidated.